Saturday, 26 September 2015

Refinery capacity of iran

oil_Refinary_J
ECONOMICS

Iran crude refining capacity to hit 3mb/d

TEHRAN Sep. 2 (Shana)–Iran’s crude oil refining capacity is to reach 3 mb/d in four years as Petroleum Ministry plan to sell petroleum products rather than crude oil.
 Under President Hassan Rouhani, who took office in August 2013, the country’s crude refining capacity rose from 1.8 to 1.9 mb/d.
Construction of Persian Gulf Star Refinery alone will raise Iran’s crude refining capacity to 2.2 mb/d.
National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company (NIORDC) also plans to sell light and standard petroleum products.
Iran is planning to build a major refining park. The refining park project involves eight gas condensate refineries in Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) in southern Iran.

The project targets 480,000 b/d of gas condensate production with each refinery accounting for 60,000 b/d.

List of refinery capacity  in iran 

Abadan Refinery

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abadan Refinery
Abadan Refinery
CountryIran
CityAbadan
Refinery details
Commissioned1912
Capacity429,000 bbl/d (68,200 m3/d)
The Abadan refinery (Persian: پالایشگاه آبادان‎ Pālāyeshgāh-e Ābādān) is located in Abadan near the coast of the Persian Gulf. Built by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (later BP), it was completed in 1912 and was one of world's largest oil refineries. Its nationalisation in 1951prompted the Abadan Crisis and ultimately the toppling of the Mossaddegh regime.
The refinery was largely destroyed in September 1980 by Iraq during the initial stages of the Iraqi invasion of Iran's Khuzestan province, triggering the Iraq-Iran war. The refinery had a capacity of 635,000 b/d in 1980 and formed a refinery complex with important petrochemicalplants. Its capacity has been increased steadily since the war ended in 1988. Its capacity is now listed as 429,000 barrels per day (68,200 m3/d) crude oil.[1]


Arvand oil refinery, Iran, is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, Bitumen and liquefied petroleum gas. It is situated in Arvand Free Zone[1][2] and the president is Dr Mahdi Soltani.

Plan of Development[edit]

New unit - Cat cracker (RFCC)[edit]

Worldwide demand for propylene continues to rise at a rapid pace. Consequently, propylene continues to command a substantial price premium over most other refined products. The refinery have long exploited this price structure by designing and operating their conventional fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units to produce higher levels of propylene. In recent years, the refinery have extended this practice to converting residual feed stocks to propylene. explores the technical challenges and opportunities presented when targeting high propylene production from a residual fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) unit. will focus on the operation of propylene-targeted grassroots RFCC units designed by UOP and commissioned in the past few years. The discussion will also include a summary of advances in RFCC operations and reliability.

Behran Oil Company (Persian: شرکت نفت بهران‎) is an oil refining company with headquarters in Tehran. Behran has solo representatives in various regions around the Globe such as HOGO Company in Southeast Asia. Its products are exported to more than 40 countries. [1]

History and development[edit]

Behran Oil Company was founded in 1963 as a private joint venture with ExxonMobil Company in Iran. The first products of the company were just packing and blending engine oils. The company became independent after the Islamic Revolution. Gradually it was expanded and now the production rate reaches 250,000 tons of base oil for each year,as well as 350,000 tons per year of finished products.In total, the capacity of the company for the production of finished products is more than 500,000 tons per year, meanwhile the quality of the products have been upgraded according to the appropriate advanced international standards and guidelines. It has a 40-43% share of the motor oil market and a 30% share of the industrial lubricant market in Iran. The company also exports about $40 million in finished lubricants,rubber process oils (RPOs)and paraffin waxes to more than 30 countries. Behran Oil Company has been progressively increased its commitment in the field of lubricant production technology through considerable investment in research and development.The development of Behran activities resulted in the establishment of a new plant for the production of special lubricants and antifreezes. [1]
Behran Oil in numbers
Number of employees: 500
Number of employees in outsourcing facilities: 500
Annual sales: $500million
Production capacity of base oil (Group I): 250,000 tons / year
Production capacity of finished products (engine oils and industrial oils) :400,000 tons / year
Market share in engine oils : 43%
Market share in industrial oils: 30%
Annual exports : $40million

Products[edit]

Certifications[edit]

Behran Oil Company has qualified for ISO 9001 from SGS, as well as many other health, safety, and environment certificates including ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.[1]
Certificates
ISO /TS 16949:2009
Year: 2012 From: INQ company

Top 100 IRANIAN COMPANIES
Year: 2012 From: Industrial Managemen
Management System as per OHSAS 18001 : 2007
Year: 2010 From: TUV NORD
Management System as per EN ISO 14001 : 2004
Year: 2008 From: TUV NORD

EN ISO 14001 : 2004
Year: 2008 From: TUV NORD

Diesel engine oil - Behran Turbodiesel - SAE 15W40
Year: 2003 From: Man Nutzfahrzeuge

Confirm Behran Zagros used in CNG_Engines
Year: 2003 From: Man Nutzfahrzeuge

Confirm Behran SHPD 15W40 as VDS_2
Year: 2002 From: VOLVO

Certificate for Behran turbine oil 46
Year: 2003 From: Alstom

Certificate for Behran Automatic ATF_Dexron II D
Year: 2001 From: Volth turbo
Certificate for Turbine oil grade 46 & Behran Hydraulic oil 46
Year: 2000
Certificate ISO 9001:2008
Year: 2004 From: SGS
Pars Oil Company is an oil refining company with headquarters in Tehran.[1][3]

History and development[edit]

Pars Oil Company was founded in 1959 as a Joint Stocks Company by Abdol-Ali Mirza Farmanfarmaian and some of his relatives, later adding more stock holders. Later it was admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange in 1962.[1] After the Islamic Revolution of 1979, the company was ceased by the revolutionary government and passed on to the control of the Mostazafen Foundation of Islamic Revolution, a government owned umbrella group set-up as part of the nationalisation efforts of the new government. From the 1990s, some of the stocks were returned to the former stock holders. In 2000 Foad Rey purchased 48.7 percent of Pars Oil Company stocks.[4]

Products[edit]

The main products of the company are Gasoline Engine Oils, Diesel Engine Oils, Gas Engine Oils, Automotive Gear Oils, Industrial Oils, Antifreezes and Brake Fluids, Greases and Marine Oils.[1][5]

Certifications[edit]

Pars Oil Company has qualified for ISO 9001 from SGS, as well as many other health, safety, and environment certificates including ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.[1]

Export markets[edit]

Pars Oil Company started to export its products in 1994. The current export markets are India, China, some African and European countries.[1][5]

Sepahan Oil Company (SOC), established in 2002, is an oil refining independent company based in Tehran with its refining facilities located in Isfahan.[5][6] In 2013, SOC began offering shares of stock on Tehran Stock Exchange.[7] With the annual production capacity of more than 700,000 MT, SOC is now the largest producer of base oil in the Middle East.[8] Under the brand name of Speedy, the company is one of the main producers of diesel and engine oils in the Mideast as well.[9][10][11]

Products[edit]

SOC's primary products include engine oil, industrial lubricant, automobile gear oil, grease and antifreeze, paraffin, and heavy slackwax, as well as base oil SN500.[12]

Certifications[edit]

The company has been awarded nationally and internationally. It has received Iran's Best Exporter of the Year Awards in 1383 (2004), 1386 (2007), 1390 (2011), 1391 (2012) and in 1393 (2014), as well as Iran Best Industrial Co. Award in 1383 (2004).[13] It has also been announced as the winner of the "Golden Award for Quality & Business Prestige" in 2007 (Geneva, Switzerland) as well as the "Golden Trophy for Quality -- New Millennium Award" in 2007 (Paris, France).[13][14][15] Nationally awarded for its environmentally-friendly activities in the Iranian calendar year of 1393 (2014), SOC has also been accredited by ISO 9001, ISO/TS 16949, OHSAS 18001, ISO/TS 29001, and ISO 14001 as well as ISO/IEC 17025.[13]
Shiraz Refinery (Persian: پالايشگاه شيراز‎ – Pālā Yīshgāh-e Shīrāz) is a village and company town in Zarqan Rural District, Zarqan District, Shiraz County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 6 families.[1]



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Iran gets ready to sell Oil to the World

Before the most recent round of sanctions went into effect three years ago, Iran was able to sell oil to 21 countries. By mid-2012, that was down to six: China, India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey. Rather than immediately pull back on production, and risk damaging oil wells by slowing them down, Iran decided to store its excess crude. As it scrambled to build onshore tanks, the government loaded millions of barrels onto its suddenly out-of-work fleet of crude-carrying vessels.
The Iranians eventually reduced their oil output by about a third, to a low of 2.5 million barrels a day in mid-2013, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. As exports fell to 1 million to 1.5 million barrels a day, Iran kept filling its tankers with oil it couldn’t sell. By this summer, a large portion of its tanker fleet, one of the world’s biggest, sat parked off the coast, filled with 50 million to 60 million barrels of crude and condensate, a lighter form of oil used to make petrochemicals.
Since the nuclear agreement between Iran and six other nations was reached on July 14, the regime has been preparing to ramp up its exports and sell that stored oil. A small number of Iranian tankers believed to have been storing crude has left the Persian Gulf in the past several weeks, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Three of those ships have since disappeared from detection by failing to report their location.
Iran’s crude output has been rising for two years and now stands at about 2.9 million barrels a day, the highest level since 2012. It won’t be allowed to sell that extra crude until sometime next year, when the International Atomic Energy Agency verifies that Iran has complied with curbs on its nuclear program. The monitoring needed for that to happen probably won’t be in place until January or February, say three Western diplomats familiar with the nuclear monitoring process.
Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanganeh says sanctions will be lifted sooner. When they are, he says, production will rise immediately by a half-million barrels per day, and after four to five months, by an additional half-million barrels. He says that by then, “we will reach to a figure between 3.8 and 3.9 million barrels a day.” Saudi Arabia is pumping 10.5 million barrels daily.
Even if Iran can increase production as quickly as Zanganeh claims, it may have to incentivize buyers by offering lower prices or by trading oil for goods or services, says Sara Vakhshouri, president of SVB Energy International, an energy consulting group in Washington. That’s because the Saudis have used long-term contracts to lock in customers who not long ago bought Iranian oil.
The sanctions put in place in 2012 shrank the economy by about 10 percent by March 2014, according to the U.S. Congressional Research Service. A report by Anthony Cordesman of the Center for Strategic & International Studies in Washington estimates that Iran needs about $170 billion to develop its oil and gas potential. The decline in oil prices has led to a drop in Iran’s own investment in its oil and gas sector—from $40 billion in 2011 and 2012 combined to only $6 billion last year, Zanganeh says. The International Energy Agency estimates about half of Iranian production comes from oil fields that are more than 70 years old.
Much of the money Iran has made through its remaining crude exports since 2012 is being held in escrow accounts in the various countries still buying Iranian crude. To reduce Iran’s access to cash, Congress passed a law requiring that Iran spend oil revenue only on goods from its customer countries. The Department of the Treasury estimates Iran will be able to retrieve half that amount, or about $56 billion. That’s still not enough to restart full oil production. And so the government is looking for foreign investment.
Since July, political and business delegations from Austria, Germany, Italy, and Spain have visited Tehran. “I think European companies are very eager to be involved in our projects,” Zanganeh says. Iran has not met with U.S. companies, he says. “It seems they have received the order from the U.S. government not to have the meeting. The doors are open for them like others.”
Some Iran watchers say Western companies will proceed with caution. “You’re not going to see an energy gold rush in terms of capital investment in Iran anytime soon,” says Mark Dubowitz, executive director of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies in Washington and a supporter of tougher sanctions. “The majors are still reluctant to make multibillion-dollar commitments to Iran.”
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Oman, the largest oil producer in the Middle East outside of OPEC,


Oman, the largest oil producer in the Middle East outside of OPEC, plans to buy, lease or build fuel-storage tanks in East Africa to boost sales on the continent and open a U.S. office to trade refined products and Latin American crude.
Oman Trading International Ltd. intends to invest less than $50 million in facilities to store fuel in Mozambique, Tanzania or Kenya to help supply markets in Africa’s landlocked interior, Chief Executive Officer Talal Al Awfi said in an interview. He declined to specify the target markets. His company, a joint venture with Vitol Group, the world’s largest independent energy trader, plans to open a U.S. office in the first half of 2016, Al Awfi said in his Dubai office on Sunday.
Infrastructure investments in Africa and a physical presence in the U.S. are vital for the company to extend its reach beyond traditional markets in Asia, Al Awfi said. Oman sells most of its oil to China, where Middle Eastern crude producers face growing competition from suppliers outside the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Russia surpassed Saudi Arabia to become China’s top supplier in May, according to data from the Beijing-based General Administration of Customs.

‘Fundamental Changes’

“We’ve seen fundamental changes in the market,” Al Awfi said. “Asia as a market is now enjoying a period where there are options with all the growth in oil production.”
Brent for August settlement gained 1.3 percent to $62.79 a barrel on the ICE Futures Europe exchange at 12:56 p.m. in London. Oil fell 48 percent last year as growing supply led to a glut in the market.
Crude may climb to $80 a barrel by 2018 on improving demand in Asia. even with increased supply from the Middle East, Russia and Latin America, Al Awfi said. Prices of $100 by 2020 would be “realistic,” he said.
An office in the U.S. will give Oman Trading a base to buy and sell Latin American crude, he said. Exports from Colombia and Venezuela, among other regional suppliers, have been pushed out of the U.S. market by increased local production, and many of those barrels are now flowing to Asia, where Middle Eastern crudes were traditionally dominant, he said.

Singapore Hire

In Singapore, the company hired Nick Kay, a former trader at Phibro Ltd., to expand its crude oil business, Al Awfi said. Kay will be the company’s first crude trader based in the Singapore office, which has so far dealt in petrochemical products.
Oman Trading, based in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, aims to boost the volume of crude oil, refined products and petrochemicals it buys and sells to about 20 million metric tons next year, Al Awfi said. Volume this year will probably fall from 18 million tons handled in 2013 as volatility and the drop in crude prices last year hurt trading, he said.
“Trading margins are being squeezed all over,” Al Awfi said.
Oman Trading is seeking storage capacity in Africa for less than 100,000 cubic meters (26 million gallons) of refined products, and it plans to complete a transaction before the end of the year, Al Awfi said. The company also sees an opportunity to expand trading in Iraq, where it supplies gasoline, he said.
Investment in Africa could rise to about $100 million if the company expands further into fuel distribution or buys more assets in the region, Al Awfi said.

Stake Sale

Oman pumped 944,000 barrels of oil a day in 2014, according to the country’s central bank. OPEC’s output target is 30 million barrels a day.
The Sultanate of Oman, which owns 70 percent of Oman Trading, plans to buy the 30 percent stake in the company held by Vitol, people familiar with the situation said earlier this month.
The government had always intended to take full control of Oman Trading since founding the business in 2006, Al Awfi said. He wasn’t able to comment further on the planned ownership change because Oman Trading’s management isn’t directly involved, he said.
Oman is a founding shareholder of the Dubai Mercantile Exchange, a futures market set up in 2007 to trade Omani crude. CME Group Inc. owns 50 percent of the exchange, and Oman and Dubai hold smaller stakes.

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What is Ship-to-Ship Transfer (STS) and Requirements to Carry Out the Same?


 BY 
Ships like oil tankers and gas carriers carry huge amount of cargo in bulk which does not have to be unloaded in just one port but at different ports. Even some carriers like VLCC and ULCC which are massive in size does not berth in port or jetty for discharge operation due to draught restrictions. In such condition ship to ship transfer is utilised.
A ship to ship transfer becomes very economical as ship does not have to berth at the jetty, especially for huge oil tankers, which removes the port berthing charges and also cut short the time for berthing and mooring. But all these comes at a cost of high environmental pollution and fire risk as chances of leakage in operation is always there in open sea when ship is not moored or it is moving.
sts (1)

What is STS or ship to ship transfer?
A STS or ship to ship transfer refers to the transfer of ship’s cargo, which can be oil or gas cargo, between two merchant tanker vessels positioned alongside each other.
Either the ships can be stand still or the STS operation can also be performed while ships are underway. But it requires proper coordination, equipments and approval to perform such operation. Both the masters of the ships are responsible for the entire STS operation
Following are the requirements for conducting Ship to Ship transfer operation:
  • Adequate training of oil tanker’s staff carrying out the operation.
  • Proper STS equipment to be present on both the vessels and they should be in good condition.
  • Pre planning of the operation with notifying the amount and type of cargo involved.
  • Proper attention to the difference in freeboard and listing of both the vessel while transferring oil.
  • Taking permission from the relevant port state authority.
  • Properties of Cargo involved to be known with available MSDS and UN number.
  • A proper communication and communication channel to be set up between the ships.
  • Dangers associated with the cargo like VOC emission, chemical reaction etc to be briefed to the entire crew involved in transfer.
  • Fire fighting and oil spill equipment to be present and crew to be well trained to use them in emergency.
  • All guidelines to be followed as per MEPC 59, MARPOL Annex 1 chapter 8, SOPEP, SMPEP, STS transfer guide and operational plan.

Regulations
As Per Resolution of MEPC (59) a new chapter 8 is added to MARPOL Annex I for prevention of pollution during STS operation between two ships.
This new regulation is applicable for oil tankers of 150 GT but bunkering operation and oil transfer operations for fixed or floating platform has been excluded.
Following are the important features:
  • The STS operation plan should be approved by administration.
  • The STS operation plan is to be in the working language and to be approved not later than the date of first annual survey (intermediate or renewal under MARPOL annex I) carried out on or after 1st  Jan 2011.
  • The guidelines of the STS plan should be in accordance with the requirements of IMO “Manual on oil pollution prevention, amended section 1” ,  ICS and OCIMF “ ship to ship transfer guide”.
  • The plan may be incorporated in SMS required by the Chapter IX of SOLAS 74, but in any case plan is to be approved as required by the resolution.
  • After an approval of administration on STS plan, Operation before 1st April 2012 shall be in accordance to the plan as far as possible.
  • The complete operation is to be recorded in Oil Record Book (ORB) and STS operation record book.
  • The above record to be retained in the ship for 3 years.
  • Any oil tanker under STS plan operate under the territorial waters or exclusive economic zone ofMARPOL, must notify the following information to relevant coastal authority prior to 48 hours of the commencement of the STS operation:
–          Ship’s name, call sign and IMO number.
–          Details of Owner, operator or shipping company.
–          Type and quantity of oil for STS operation.
–          Preparation done in brief for carrying out the operation.
–          Estimated time duration of the complete operation.
–          The operation to be performed underway or in anchorage.
–          Identification of STS operations service provider or person in charge for overall advisory
  • If there is a delay in the ETA, same must be informed to the coastal authority.
  • After Delay in ETA, all the information listed above to be re-confirm to coastal authority prior to 6 hrs carrying out the operation
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